Showing posts with label sex differences. Show all posts
Showing posts with label sex differences. Show all posts

Sunday, July 02, 2017

A Scanner Darkly

Your problem for today: to find the right linkage between the following two items.




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1. Robin Hanson wrote this, including an almost throwaway comment on feminism:
"Yes one sex may have a worse deal overall. But most of the ways in which we’ve had sex-asymmetric official rules and widely held expectations did not result from a conspiracy by one sex to repress the other. They were mostly reasonable responses to sex differences relevant in ancient societies.

"We may have failed to adapt them quickly enough to our new modern context. But many of them are still complex and difficult issues. We’d do better to roll up our sleeves and deal with each one, than to obsess over which sex has the worse overall deal."
This seems a more reasonable line to take than the moralising we frequently get. It could also conceivably generalise to other groups who once got a raw deal within one set of social relations, which they later saw a way of overcoming, once those social relations had moved on.

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2. From The Sunday Times today (Jonathan Leake, Science Editor):
"Research into human IQ — long one of the most controversial areas of science — has produced a new set of suitably awkward results.

Men’s average IQ is four points above women’s because they typically have bigger brains.

Scientists used the latest scanning techniques to measure the brain volumes of 896 people, who were also subjected to a battery of intelligence tests.

“We found that the average IQ of men was about four points above that of women,” said Professor Dimitri van der Linden, of Erasmus University in Rotterdam.

“So if men had an average score of 100, women would score 96.”
This would mean that 40% of women would be smarter than the average man. The Sunday Times 'balances' this two month old research result with some recent moral absolutism:
"The research coincides with a new book, Inferior: How Science Got Women Wrong — and the New Research That’s Rewriting the Story, whose author, Angela Saini, is sharply critical of it.

She said: “It is scientifically well established that there is no difference on average in general intelligence between women and men. It’s also well known that women have, on average, slightly smaller brains than men because they are, on average, slightly smaller in size. This paper does not disprove these facts.

“For more than 100 years, male anatomists and neuroscientists have sought to find evidence of women’s intellectual inferiority by comparing their brains to those of men. It’s surprising that in the 21st century those efforts haven’t ended.”
It obviously never occurred to Professor Dimitri van der Linden, of Erasmus University in Rotterdam and his team to correct for that, except:
"Men’s brains are bigger than women’s, even when controlling for bigger body size, which means they should have higher intelligence, though the evidence for that is conflicting. Most researchers find no notable differences overall, saying that different strengths and weaknesses balance each other out, but Lynn and Irwing (2002, 2004) argued that adult males are almost 4 IQ points brighter than adult females.

"The authors of the present paper have found one of the largest MRI samples available, each scanned person having done 10 cognitive tests, which is what makes this study particularly interesting."
Yes, this is not a new story: Dr James Thompson discussed it back in April.

Friday, January 20, 2017

Programming is so .. arid

Helena Cronin wrote:
"Women on average have a strong preference for working with people - hence the nurses and teachers; and, compared to men, they care more about family and relationships and have broader interests and priorities—hence little appeal in becoming CEOs. Men have far more interest in "things" - hence the engineers ... "
I'm sitting here looking at a short recursive function which returns a tree whose nodes are themselves a complicated data-type (Atom-list x Nat x Nat) and I'm trying to do minimax on it. The Lispworks 'Listener' has replaced the Atom lists with hash signs (why?) and the arithmetic min function complains it's getting something weird rather than Real - and has thrown me into the debugger.

Why?

The code looks good, although there are so many good-practice projector and constructor functions, cluttering the text.

I sit in frustration, trying to visualise the unwrapping of the computation as the nested mutually-recursive functions execute their combined paths to disaster. Part of me wants to chuck this code away; another part muses that this would mean I was getting even more stupid in my old age.

I review the psychological characteristics required for successful programming.
  • An ability to mentally visualise complex and abstract structures - (heavily g-loaded)
  • A minute attention to detail - the smallest typos kill you
  • Obsessional perseverance when nothing goes right and time-wasting options beckon.
If ever an occupation required what Simon Baron-Cohen calls the 'systemizing brain', this is it.

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Update: (Twenty minutes later).

OK, so it was a type clash. I forgot to update a previous sub-function. Needed to add some projectors. So now I have a result.

Shame it's not the one I actually need ...

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Some print-journalism stays with you. I regularly recall a right-on female commentator on The Times using her column to weigh in on gender equality in programming. After some shocking statistics she recounts how she asked her daughter if she had considered becoming a programmer. Her daughter looks at her as if she is mad: "Why would I want to do anything as boring as that?"

The daughter's mother is not of course a programmer. She's an opinion-piece journalist, a job where you get to meet and socialise with important people and then write lots of stuff of interest to your like-minded pals.

*Sigh*.

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In case it isn't obvious, I know there are good female programmers. I know there are good female physicists (see here). It's just .. we're talking distributions here - you know, bell-shaped curves? - and the male-female means are noticeably different.

Strive for equality of opportunity; do not expect equality of outcome.