Sunday, March 29, 2020

Lockdown Reading

[Adam Carlton writes.]

Paris, like the rest of Europe, is in lockdown. Les flics will not be gentle if you walk out in groups of more than two ... or attempt a bit of recreational biking. There are no more manifestations! The press, meanwhile is obsessed with relationships: spousal abuse in quarantined homes (up); couples rediscovering themselves - and each other.

What else to do these languid spring days? You could read my collected short stories as a PDF.

PDF link

I have not fared well in my attempts to get published. This is what I say in the introduction to the book:
"These are the 49 stories (113,000 words) I wrote in 2019. They were first published on the Booksie writers’ site. Sadly, only a few have been published by a curated magazine (Time Warrior at the Aphelion Webzine; various stories at The Ronin Express).

I have concluded that I’m really not a very good writer, rather linear and plodding; I’m not sufficiently interested in people to bring their emotional lives into salience - the stuff of gripping fiction.

So this is a record of heroic failure: perhaps the most interesting kind.

Adam Carlton.
March 2020."
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Feel free to download the PDF and see for yourself.

Saturday, March 21, 2020

COVID-19 Notes: R0 > 1 still: March 21st 2020


Wells Market today (the Spring Equinox) - this counts as deserted

Other things being approximately equal, while reported cases rise (day on day) each day, R0 > 1.

This means the pandemic is not under control, is not being suppressed, is only being managed.

The revealed preference of UK Government policy is pretty much the status quo ante:
  • to accept that this infection is going to run, albeit at a slower rate - reduced R0 >1
  • to try to "shield" (cocoon) the elderly, pregnant and 'at risk'
  • to ramp up resources (testing and contact-tracing, beds, ventilators, partial-treatments, eventually vaccination) as fast as possible.
Minimising the virus overspill over NHS resources seems an acceptable compromise, carried out under the acceptable political banner of 'suppression'.

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Thursday, March 19, 2020

COVID-19 Notes: March 19th 2020

 
Amazon link

Sun Tzu's 'Art of War' is quite a short text dating from the Late Spring and Autumn Period (roughly 5th century BC). It mostly describes how to fight guerrilla wars of deception against a numerically-stronger enemy in various terrains. The advice is functional and callous, describing for example the great utility of 'disposable spies' for feeding false information to the enemy (they will of course be killed once their treachery is unmasked) and noting the improved resolve of armies manoeuvered onto 'fatal terrain' deep in enemy territory, where they will fight or die.

The reason I read the book was more for the copious introduction and scene-setting - Chinese history prior to and during the Warring States period (475 BC). Also the subsequent understanding of The Art of War in the empires which followed. What I learned was that the Emperor, the Son of Heaven, had a Mandate of Heaven. As Wikipedia explains:
"According to this belief, Heaven (天, Tian) — which embodies the natural order and will of the universe — bestows the mandate on a just ruler of China, the "Son of Heaven" of the "Celestial Empire". If a ruler was overthrown, this was interpreted as an indication that the ruler was unworthy, and had lost the mandate. It was also a common belief that natural disasters such as famine and flood were divine retributions bearing signs of Heaven's displeasure with the ruler, so there would often be revolts following major disasters as the people saw these calamities as signs that the Mandate of Heaven had been withdrawn."
In this light it is not hard to see why the Chinese Communist Party and State used such severe methods to drop R0 to around 0.3 and squelch the epidemic. It wasn't humanitarian concerns - it was their response to an existential test of their right to rule.

Amazon link

I'm currently reading this: an analysis of recent Chinese history (humiliation and shame at the hands of Western and Japanese imperialists - only reversed in the last few decades). The story is told through the biographies of key Chinese intellectuals and leaders. Basically China had to make a major cultural shift from the dead-weight of an agrarian-Confucianism (rigid, static and statist) to a form and ideology of governance which would permit the development of a dominant capitalism. It's ironic that only a Stalinist version of Marxist-Leninism could prove strong enough to force open those doors. The Chinese now feel sufficiently secure to readmit a new, legitimising neo-Confucianism.

The chapters itemise a chronicle of defeat as all obvious strategies of modernisation were attempted only to fail, leading to further predations by China's vulure-enemies. You can see why they hate the Japanese and despise the West: they have every reason to based on recent history.

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I remain sceptical about European attempts to push R0 below 1. Despite Greg Cochran's advocacy (which I linked to in a previous post). I think people have no idea just how very drastic, very police-stateish, were the methods employed in East Asia.

In Italy, by contrast, the lockdown measures sound suitably draconian. However, mobile phone records shows widespread non-compliance (45% of Italians are wandering around outside their homes), the case-numbers keep rising and in the anarchic south the infection has barely begun. All this talk of Italy soon reaching a peak is so much hot air.

In the UK - more compliant but more densely populated - they will certainly get R0 reduced but I'm doubtful if the epidemic can be put into reverse. I'm not even sure that's the real intention. As people have pointed out, the Imperial paper which everyone was citing assumed that treatment resources would stay flatlined. But of course they will quickly ramp up over the next two months or so, compensating for our inability to actually lock down enough people.

Playing with exponentials is a risky business, like trying to hold a slippery fish. This could still all go pear-shaped (if the pears are >1 exponential).

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We ourselves are hunkered down and will pop out to Waitrose this evening when numbers are predicted by Google to be low. Grab some milk to freeze. Don't think there are many infected in Wells yet so it's still the phony war. As Covid-19 is a disease of the elite, I suggested we might shop at Morrisons instead, but Clare noticed their toilets were pretty unhygienic a while ago, so that's ruled out.

Meanwhile, life goes on...
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Sunday, March 15, 2020

COVID-19 notes: mid-March 2020

We were walking around Wells marketplace yesterday. Everything normal: the market stalls were all in place, crowded with people; the high street was full of passers-by.

No masks of course.

My estimate is that there will just be a handful of people with the infection at the moment: no-one here will know anybody who has a real problem (above the noise level of normal winter illness).

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The criticisms of the Government's policy are largely idiotic. They remind me of the apocryphal Star Trek quote: "We gotta slow down, Cap'n, the crew cannae take any more!"

Despite the robust pronouncements of an excitable Greg Cochran, Europe and the States can't get R0 below 1 - the political institutions and popular mandate don't permit it (nor is it desirable given the risks of further outbreaks). So the infection will run its course at a rate which is subject to only marginal re-engineering.

Despite the polemics, UK policy is essentially the same as that being applied in Europe, factoring in the time-lags. I'm expecting the UK peak to be mid-May (if delays don't really work) to mid-June (if they do). The earlier date is 60 days from today: eight and a half weeks.

We will soon find out what 400,000 dead looks like: [67 million * 60% * 1%]. 

Note that the background death rate in the UK is around 100,000 per month.

[70 million population divided by 70 years of life = 1 million dead/year; 100,000/month].

"Fifty percent of cases would be within two thirds of a standard deviation from the central point, which gives 2 * (2/3) * (2.25) = 3 weeks."

So during the peak three weeks, the death rate will be 275,000/ 75,000 = 3.7 over normal.

We will notice when every 'normal' dead body is accompanied by three additional ones..

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I read a couple of books where the first half - analysis - was excellent while the second half, conclusions and recommendations, was rubbish. It's what happens when somewhat-bright people review the work of people who are really smart - but then expose their own lack of insight.

Amazon link

Great analysis of Marx's sociological and economic thinking. Best summary if you are already familiar with the economic concepts (c + v + s etc). But his conclusions, where he indicates why he is no longer a Marxist, are just ... terrible. Not wrong: just superficial, lacking insight.

Example thought: 'Marx's economics work is not used by modern economists: it's like it never existed at all'.

Right.

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Amazon link

Kagan has a good, clear-eyed analysis of the basis of the post-WW2 order. American hegemonic power created a global Hobbesian state in which lesser (but historically dangerous) powers - Germany, Japan - were disarmed and prevented from rising again. A somewhat demilitarised non-American capitalist world gained the benefits of trade: Les Trente Glorieuses.

The unravelling of neoliberalism, dominated as it was by globalisation, financialisation and a growing separation between the elites and the masses, has refracted itself into political crisis everywhere together with the fraying of the 'American mission to the world'.

Kagan is broadly correct in this analysis and his writing is historically-informed: 'the jungle always grows back'.

At this point his intelligence fails him. He confuses the epiphenomenal role of elite institutions (EU, IMF, UN) with those real global, historical forces which are transforming class and inter-state relationships. His tail wags his dog - a paradigm which the first half of his book has already decisively refuted.

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What I'm reading now

Amazon link
Ten volumes (out of twenty) so far published (Wikipedia article). I'm on volume three.

This is good old-fashioned SF on the grandest scale with a cast of thousands - most of whom end up horribly dead.

A frightening view of a future dominated by China with its traditional Confucian culture of Han superiority, disdain for 'Barbarians' and a preference for a life of regimented stasis.

Nope. Will never happen.

Friday, March 06, 2020

COVID-19: UK predictions: now-June 2020

The logistic distribution from John Cook's excellent overview

The derivative of the logistics curve (the cumulative number of cases in an epidemic) is the logistic distribution, which looks very much like a scaled normal distribution as John Cook explains.

His graph above shows you the number of active cases as time advances: starting low, rising to an epidemic peak and then dying away. [As I write we are at -3.5σ = -5.6].

The standard deviation to use σ = 1.6 according to John Cook's article.

The Times today carries a report which allows a prediction of the course of the epidemic in the UK. This is what the Chief Medical Officer had to say:

"Professor Whitty said that the peak of an outbreak was expected in about two months, with 50 per cent of cases over a three-week period and 95 per cent over a nine-week period."

Mapping this on to the normal distribution gives us a standard deviation of two and a quarter weeks (σ =2.29, call it 2.25).

Fifty percent of cases would be within two thirds of a standard deviation from the central point, which gives 2 * (2/3) * (2.25) =  3 weeks. 

So the peak of cases would be two months time, early May: we are currently about three and a half standard deviations out (7.9 weeks).

Five weeks after the peak the epidemic should have burned itself out in the UK: mid-June.

So to summarise for the UK:
  1. Crisis (50%):  end-April to first half of May (3 weeks)
  2. Peak:               first week of May
  3. Burn-out:        mid-June.
 The power of stats.
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Thursday, March 05, 2020

COVID-19 notes: plague month four





1. "This solves so many problems!"

Humour saying the unsayable. We have too many old people. We have too many old people clogging our health systems and care homes. We can't afford decent support while no-one will countenance those helpful little pills for the elderly infirm. And now nature has come along to solve our problem.

As regards the political and economic conditions of the poor, the Black Death was a real public good.

Subsequently.

2. Follow the Money

I was doing calculations (parameter estimations for logistics curves) to try to figure out when the epidemic will finally burn itself out. But the James Bond people have helpfully solved the problem (was ever a film better named!). "No Time To Die" has been postponed to November.

3. There are two mutations, 'L' and 'S' in the world (so far)

The more aggressive 'L strain' appears to be less prevalent, possibly due to increased suppression due to it being more apparent to surveillance (and quarantine). However, we are in the earliest stages of the pandemic globally and the number of mutations correlates with the number of viruses in replication.

It is unlikely that the virus is at its peak of fitness in current incarnations. And RNA viruses have a hundredfold greater mutation rate than DNA viruses.

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Rhetorical question: how many people are currently envisioning themselves a few months from now lying pallid and dizzy in their beds while slowly drowning from fluid build-up in their lungs?